What was the Shirk of the polytheists to whom the Prophet (salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam) was sent?

Posted by Dzakyfahmy on 05.12

A. Regarding the Shirk of the polytheists to whom the Prophet (salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam) was sent, it was not Shirk in Rububiyyah (Lordship), because the Noble Qur'an proves that they only would commit Shirk in matters of worship. As for Lordship, they used to believe that Allah Alone is the Lord, that He answers the supplications of the distressed, and that it is He who removes affliction, and other such things related to Allah's Lordship which Allah has mentioned that they used to confirm.  However, they were Mushrikeen (polytheists) in matters of worship i.e. they used to worship other deities together with Allah. And this form of Shirk removes one from the pale of Islam, because Tawhid means - as understood from the word itself - to affirm the oneness of something, and Allah - the Most Blessed, the Most High - has rights which must be accorded to Him Alone. These rights may be divided into three categories: 1- Rights of dominion. 2- Rights of worship. 3- Rights of Names and Attributes.  For this reason, the scholars have divided Tawhid into three categories: Tawhid Ar-'Rububiyyah, Tawhid Al-Asma' was-Sifat, and Tawhid Al- 'Ibadah (Tawhid Al- Uluhiyyah).  The Shirk of the polytheists was in the category of worship, as they used to worship others besides Allah. Allah - the Most Blessed, the Most High - has said:  (وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئاً)  "Worship Allah and associate none with Him (i.e. in worship)." (An-Nisa:36)  And Allah, the Most High says:  )  إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ(  "Verily, whosoever associates others with Allah (in worship), Allah has forbidden Paradise to him, and the Fire will be his abode. And for the Zalimun (polytheists and wrongdoers) there are no helpers."[Al-Maidah:72]  He, the Most High says:  (إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ)  "Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him (in worship), but He forgives lesser offenses to whomever He wills." [An-Nisa: 48]  He, the Most High says:  (وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ)   "And your Lord said: Invoke Me, I will respond to your (invocation). Verily those who are too arrogant to serve Me will surely find themselves in Hell in humiliation!" [Ghafir: 60]  Allah, the Most High says in Surat Al-Ikhlas:  )قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ) (1) (لا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ) (2) (وَلا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ) (: 3) (وَلا أَنَا عَابِدٌ مَا عَبَدْتُمْ) (4) (وَلا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ) (3) (لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ) (6) (سورة الكافرون: 6،1 (  "Say (O Muhammad ﷺ to these polytheists): O disbelievers! I worship not that which you worship, Nor will you worship that which I worship. And I shall not worship that which you are worshipping. Nor will you worship that which I worship. To you be your religion, and to me my religion." [Al-Kafirun]  And when I say: “Surat Al-Ikhlas”, I mean Ikhlas (sincerity and purity) in deeds, for it is the Surah of Ikhlas in deeds even though it is called Surat Al-Kafirun. Yet in reality, it is the Surah of Ikhlas in deeds, just as Surah:  (قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ)   is the Surah of Ikhlas in knowledge and creed.

A. Regarding the Shirk of the polytheists to whom the Prophet (salla Allahu alaihi wa sallam)
was sent, it was not Shirk in Rububiyyah (Lordship), because the
Noble Qur'an proves that they only would commit Shirk in matters of
worship. As for Lordship, they used to believe that Allah Alone is the
Lord, that He answers the supplications of the distressed, and that it is
He who removes affliction, and other such things related to Allah's
Lordship which Allah has mentioned that they used to confirm.

However, they were Mushrikeen (polytheists) in matters of worship
i.e. they used to worship other deities together with Allah. And this
form of Shirk removes one from the pale of Islam, because Tawhid
means - as understood from the word itself - to affirm the oneness of
something, and Allah - the Most Blessed, the Most High - has rights
which must be accorded to Him Alone. These rights may be divided
into three categories:
1- Rights of dominion.
2- Rights of worship.
3- Rights of Names and Attributes.

For this reason, the scholars have divided Tawhid into three
categories: Tawhid Ar-'Rububiyyah, Tawhid Al-Asma' was-Sifat, and
Tawhid Al- 'Ibadah (Tawhid Al- Uluhiyyah).

The Shirk of the polytheists was in the category of worship, as they
used to worship others besides Allah. Allah - the Most Blessed, the
Most High - has said:

(وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئاً)

"Worship Allah and associate none with Him (i.e. in
worship)." (An-Nisa:36)

And Allah, the Most High says:

)  إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ(

"Verily, whosoever associates others with Allah (in
worship), Allah has forbidden Paradise to him, and the Fire
will be his abode. And for the Zalimun (polytheists and
wrongdoers) there are no helpers."[Al-Maidah:72]

He, the Most High says:

(إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ)

"Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up
with Him (in worship), but He forgives lesser offenses to
whomever He wills." [An-Nisa: 48]

He, the Most High says:

(وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ) 

"And your Lord said: Invoke Me, I will respond to your
(invocation). Verily those who are too arrogant to serve Me
will surely find themselves in Hell in humiliation!" [Ghafir: 60]

Allah, the Most High says in Surat Al-Ikhlas:

)قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ) (1) (لا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ) (2) (وَلا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ) ( 3) (وَلا أَنَا عَابِدٌ مَا عَبَدْتُمْ) (4) (وَلا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ) (5) (لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ) (6) (سورة الكافرون: 6،1 (

"Say (O Muhammad to these polytheists): O disbelievers!
I worship not that which you worship, Nor will you worship
that which I worship. And I shall not worship that which
you are worshipping. Nor will you worship that which I
worship. To you be your religion, and to me my religion."
[Al-Kafirun]

And when I say: “Surat Al-Ikhlas”, I mean Ikhlas (sincerity and
purity) in deeds, for it is the Surah of Ikhlas in deeds even though it is
called Surat Al-Kafirun. Yet in reality, it is the Surah of Ikhlas in
deeds, just as Surah:

(قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ)


is the Surah of Ikhlas in knowledge and creed.

س: ما شرك المشركين الذين بعث فيهم النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم؟
الجواب: بالنسبة لشرك المشركين الذين بعث فيهم النبي، صلى الله عليه وسلم، فإنه ليس شركاً في الربوبية، لأن القرآن الكريم يدل على أنهم إنما كانوا يشركون في العبادة فقط
أما في الربوبية فيؤمنون بأن الله وحده هو الرب، وأنه مجيب دعوة المضطرين، وأنه هو الذي يكشف السوء إلى غير ذلك مما ذكر الله عنهم من إقرارهم بربوبية الله -عز وجل- وحده
ولكنهم كانوا مشركين بالعبادة يعبدون غير الله معه، وهذا شرك مخرج عن الملة، لأن التوحيد هو عبارة -حسب دلالة اللفظ- عن جعل الشيء واحداً، والله -تبارك وتعالى- له حقوق يجب أن يفرد بها وهذه الحقوق تنقسم إلى ثلاثة أقسام 
1-  حقوق ملك.
2-  حقوق عبادة.
3-  حقوق أسماء وصفات.
ولهذا قسم العلماء التوحيد إلى ثلاثة أقسام: توحيد الربوبية، وتوحيد الأسماء والصفات، وتوحيد العبادة
فالمشركون إنما أشركوا في هذا القسم، قسم العبادة حيث كانوا يعبدون مع الله غيره، وقد قال الله -تبارك وتعالى-: (وَاعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئاً) (النساء: الآية36) . أي في عبادته
:وقال تعالى 
)  إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْوَاهُ النَّارُ وَمَا لِلظَّالِمِينَ مِنْ أَنْصَارٍ(
(المائدة: الآية72) 
(وقال _تعالى-: (إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَغْفِرُ أَنْ يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ) (النساء: الآية48 

وقال -تعالى-: (وَقَالَ رَبُّكُمُ ادْعُونِي أَسْتَجِبْ لَكُمْ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ) (غافر: 60) 
وقال تعالى في سورة الإخلاص: (قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْكَافِرُونَ) (1) (لا أَعْبُدُ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ) (2) (وَلا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ) ( 3) (وَلا أَنَا عَابِدٌ مَا عَبَدْتُمْ) (4) (وَلا أَنْتُمْ عَابِدُونَ مَا أَعْبُدُ) (5) (لَكُمْ دِينُكُمْ وَلِيَ دِينِ) (6) (سورة الكافرون: 1، 6) .
وقولي في سورة الإخلاص يعني إخلاص العمل فهي سورة إخلاص العمل، وإن كانت تسمى سورة الكافرون، لكنها في الحقيقة سورة إخلاص عملي كما أن سورة (قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ) (الاخلاص: 1) سورة إخلاص علمي وعقيدة. والله الموفق.
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